What are the two basic categories of sensors used in industrial robots?

• A. External sensors for coordinating with other equipment.
• B. Internal sensors for controlling position and velocity, and external sensors for coordinating operations with other equipment.
• C. Temperature and humidity sensors.
• D. Internal sensors for controlling position only.

Answer: (B)

Two broad categories of sensors are used in industrial robots: internal sensors that feed back the robot’s own state (position and velocity, and sometimes torque or current) so the control system can accurately track motion, and external sensors that observe the work environment or other equipment to enable coordination, safety, and process integration (such as vision systems, laser range finders, or environment-based force sensing). This combination captures how robots stay on course internally while staying in sync with everything around them. The other options are too narrow or miss one of the categories: external sensors alone omit the essential internal feedback; environmental sensors like temperature or humidity aren’t the general sensing categories for robotics; and internal sensors for position only ignore velocity and other state information.