Distinguish between point-to-point (PTP) and continuous path interpolation in robot motion.

• A. PTP moves via a sequence of joint-space points minimizing intermediate path constraints; path interpolation follows a continuous end-effector path with specified orientation along the path.
• B. PTP follows a continuous end-effector path; path interpolation uses discrete joint angles.
• C. Both are identical.
• D. PTP is for linear continuous path; path interpolation uses circular arcs.

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is the difference between planning in joint space versus Cartesian path control for the end-effector. In point-to-point motion, the robot moves from one set of joint angles to another by visiting a sequence of joint-space points, with the path through joints chosen to minimize intermediate constraints like smoothness, speed, or safety. The focus is on getting from one configuration to the next rather than guaranteeing a specific path in Cartesian space or controlling the end-effector’s trajectory along the way.

Continuous path interpolation, on the other hand, aims to make the end-effector follow a defined, smooth path in Cartesian space, with orientation specified along the path. The joints are coordinated to keep the end-effector on that path, producing a continuous trajectory rather than just a series of equilibrium joint configurations.

That’s why the correct description says point-to-point moves through a sequence of joint-space points while minimizing intermediate constraints, whereas path interpolation tracks a continuous end-effector path with orientation along the path. The other options mix up which space is being controlled (joint vs Cartesian) or constrain the path to specific geometric shapes, which isn’t the general distinction.